![]() For simplicity, assume the meteor is traveling vertically downward prior to impact. Solutionĭefine upward to be the + y-direction. According to the theorem: How about using the equation the next time you hit a pool ball You line up the shot that the game depends on. ![]() For example, you can relate the impulse with which you hit an object to its consequent change in momentum. This enables us to solve for the maximum force. In physics, you can use the impulse-momentum theorem to calculate force based on impulse and momentum. ![]() Next, we choose a reasonable force function for the impact event, calculate the average value of that function (Figure), and set the resulting expression equal to the calculated average force. We then use the relationship between force and impulse (Figure) to estimate the average force during impact. Using the given data about the meteor, and making reasonable guesses about the shape of the meteor and impact time, we first calculate the impulse using (Figure). Therefore, we’ll calculate the force on the meteor and then use Newton’s third law to argue that the force from the meteor on Earth was equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. It is conceptually easier to reverse the question and calculate the force that Earth applied on the meteor in order to stop it. (credit: “Shane.torgerson”/Wikimedia Commons) Strategy The amount by which the object’s motion changes is therefore proportional to the magnitude of the force, and also to the time interval over which the force is applied.įigure 9.7 The Arizona Meteor Crater in Flagstaff, Arizona (often referred to as the Barringer Crater after the person who first suggested its origin and whose family owns the land). Alternatively, the more time you spend applying this force, again the larger the change of momentum will be, as depicted in (Figure). Clearly, the larger the force, the larger the object’s change of momentum will be. An impulse of a force is defined as the change in momentum produced by force, and it is equal to the product of force and the time for which it acts. Suppose you apply a force on a free object for some amount of time. The purpose of this section is to explore and describe that connection. We plot a graph of the force (thrust) with respect to time and we integrate. This indicates a connection between momentum and force. In this video I teach how to calculate the impulse of a rocket using thrust data. Therefore, if an object’s velocity should change (due to the application of a force on the object), then necessarily, its momentum changes as well. We have defined momentum to be the product of mass and velocity.
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